How to build a peer-to-peer marketplace

Peer-to-peer (P2P) marketplaces are exploding in popularity.

According to Statista, the value of the sharing economy was at $150 billion in 2023, and projected to grow to a staggering $794 billion by 2031.

It’s easy to see why peer-to-peer marketplaces have such huge potential.

For consumers, these platforms are an affordable, convenient, and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional consumption.

For aspiring entrepreneurs, marketplace businesses are an attractive business model. They are a way to start a scalable, game-changing business with limited resources.

At Sharetribe, we've worked with successful P2P marketplaces for over a decade (check out our customer gallery for some inspiring examples!). This practical guide is based on the lessons we've learned. We hope it helps you turn your idea into a successful peer-to-peer marketplace.

A peer-to-peer marketplace is a website that connects people who own a product or offer a service with people who want to buy or rent it. Airbnb is a classic example.

In P2P, the role of the website (like Airbnb) is to help these of people find each other and make transactions safely and easily. The marketplace doesn’t need to own or provide any of the products or services offered on their platforms.

In addition to Airbnb, famous examples include the product-selling website Etsy and ride-hailing app Uber. Almost any product or service can be sold through a P2P platform. Our clients have used Sharetribe to build sites for everything from selling pre-loved children's stuff to private swimming pool rentals.

Let's look at three marketplace types and examples more closely: peer-to-peer rentals, product-selling, and services.

Peer-to-peer rental lets consumers rent items from other consumers. Famous examples include Airbnb, Turo, and Vrbo. These platforms help consumers find each other, trust one another, and make secure payments.

Opportunities for these kinds of marketplaces are everywhere. For example, Sharetribe customers have built sites for swimming pools, cars, sporting equipment, and much more.

You can find some inspiration on peer-to-peer rental marketplaces in our Customer Gallery, where you can browse marketplaces by type and sales model.

Etsy is an example of a tremendously successful peer-to-peer product marketplace. On Etsy, anyone can sell handmade items to other consumers – the marketplace helps connect buyers and sellers and facilitates their transactions.

Secondhand sites like Poshmark are another common example. And as marketplace technology is becoming more and more accessible, many have started thriving businesses by focusing on serving a clearly defined niche. For example, our customer, The Octopus Club, is a thriving community of like-minded parents buying and selling second-hand children's clothes and items.. Lumikha is a fast-growing marketplace by cosplayers, for cosplayers.

Our customer gallery has a whole slew of inspiring peer-to-peer product marketplace examples.

Peer-to-peer service marketplaces connect consumers who want to buy services from other consumers. Uber and Lyft are famous examples, but the opportunities are endless!

How about a marketplace for finding a local tour guide on your next vacation? A website where home cooks can sell the extra food they make in their neighborhood? A platform where hobbyists can offer live online classes in their specific skills?

Check out some more P2P service marketplace examples in our Customer Gallery.

As you can see, almost any niche and industry can be fertile ground for a thriving peer-to-peer marketplace. In addition, the marketplace model can bring some significant benefits to a business. The next chapter discusses those – and some key challenges founders need to solve.

Sometimes, peer-to-peer marketplaces are referred to as C2C marketplaces: customer-to-customer.

In practice, there's no difference between these terms. Both refer to situations where private individuals exchange value with one another.

The term C2C belongs to the same group of terms as B2B (business-to-business) and B2C (business-to-consumer). Sometimes, P2P has been used to highlight that a marketplace is only about sharing and no money exchanges hands, whereas C2C is seen as a more traditional value exchange between private consumers. However, this distinction isn't necessarily meaningful, not least because many P2P marketplaces enable both free sharing of goods and services and charging for them.

In most contexts, C2C and P2P are used synonymously, and we'll do so also in this guide.

There are many reasons why a peer-to-peer marketplace can be a tremendously successful business. Let's look more closely at four key benefits:

• You don't need to own inventory.
• P2P network effects present powerful growth opportunities.
• Marketplace builders are fast and affordable to launch with.

We'll also discuss four key challenges a founder needs to tackle:

• Finding the right problem to solve.
• Finding product-market fit.
• Finding the right business model.
• Building trust.

One of the primary advantages of marketplaces is that setting up one is relatively fast and inexpensive.

In most industries, investing in inventory is the biggest startup expense. But marketplace businesses don’t have to pay for inventory; suppliers create it for them. 

Consider a marketplace like Airbnb. They’re now the biggest travel business in the world, and they don’t own a single hotel. Instead, they operate a peer-to-peer rental model: they have millions of listings on their platform, enthusiastically provided by hosts worldwide.

P2P marketplaces focusing on products are services are similar: building a website like Etsy doesn't require manufacturing products. Uber doesn't own cars. 

Not investing a five-figure sum in platform technology or inventory makes it much easier to start a business. Instead, founders get to spend their budget on growing their marketplace. 

Peer-to-peer marketplaces have the chance to enjoy powerful built-in network effects. Businesses with network effects often scale much quicker than those without. If each new user increases the overall value of the platform, then the business has network effects.

Network effects represent a significant growth lever for your businesses. More customers mean more demand, which brings in more suppliers. More suppliers mean more selection, which creates a better customer experience and brings in more customers. 

Done right, this creates a flywheel effect, where the marketplace grows exponentially through the power of network effects. 

For a long time, the primary barrier to developing a peer-to-peer marketplace was the complexity of building a site that could handle both buyers and sellers. Development was extremely expensive and time-consuming and required a team of highly-skilled developers. Especially platforms focusing on peer-to-peer rentals or services were a challenge.

But technology has advanced rapidly. You no longer need to code a platform from scratch. At Sharetribe, for example, we help entrepreneurs launch their peer-to-peer marketplaces faster. Sharetribe is ideal for founders who want to launch fast without coding. It allows you to launch quickly, completely no-code, but also extend your platform by developing a unique marketplace on top of our APIs.

In addition to using dedicated software, there are many alternatives that fit all skill levels and budgets. If you decide to use marketplace software, we also have articles that help you compare Sharetribe alternatives.

There are a few common challenges that you might face in your entrepreneurial journey. Here are the biggest challenges and our recommendations for solving them. 

Solving the wrong problem

Before making significant time and financial commitments, it’s important you validate your idea. Focus on launching the first version of your marketplace as soon as possible. Get feedback from early users to develop your marketplace further.

Finding product-market fit

Another common challenge is finding the right niche. At first, it makes sense to focus on a small niche and vertical. While it’s great to dream big, in reality, the lack of focus can hamper your business, especially in the early days. Focus on finding product-market fit, and then scale to other markets and categories.

Identifying the right business model

There are a few different options for choosing your marketplace business model. Focus on finding a sustainable model that will scale with the business. Make sure your marketplace pricing works for your sellers, customers, and your business. 

Building trust

At first, the idea of sleeping in a stranger’s apartment seemed terrifying. But now, millions of people stay in Airbnbs across the globe every night. As consumers, we implicitly trust the brands we know. But as a new business, you won’t have that level of brand strength; it’s something that needs to be built over time. Fortunately, there are strategies you can employ to build marketplace trust. 

As you develop your peer-to-peer business, be sure to watch out for these challenges. But be confident in your ability to deal with them. There are things you can do to mitigate the risks when you build your business with an iterative mindset. Understanding the essentials you need – and building upon them step by step – helps you build a profitable business without taking on too much risk.

P2P sites demand a distinct set of features compared to other eCommerce businesses. That's why generic online store builders like Shopify, Magento, or WooCommerce rarely work for marketplaces. And developing a peer-to-peer marketplace from scratch can set you back several months and tens of thousands of dollars.

The good news is that the essential marketplace website features form a solid foundation for your business – whether your idea is about peer-to-peer rentals, products, or services. That's why dedicated marketplace builders can offer an affordable way to get started.

Here are features that the majority of peer-to-peer platforms need from day one:

• User profiles
• Listing pages and listing creation
• Website navigation and search
• Online payments
• Reviews
• Messaging and notifications
• Admin features

Let's look at each of these features and functionalities a bit more closely. You'll find an image of how this feature looks in Sharetribe's no-code marketplace builder.

In addition to the essentials listed above, there are other features you might want to consider, depending on the needs of your users:

• Booking calendars and availability management if you’re dealing with peer-to-peer rentals or services.
• Integrated maps if your marketplace is location-based and your users need to meet face-to-face.
• Shipping might be required if your marketplace deals with peer-to-peer product selling. 
• Identify verification protocols are useful for trust-intensive markets, like peer-to-peer apartment rentals, babysitting, or the like.

Sharetribe supports all of the marketplace essentials out of the box, and you can easily expand the offering with third-party integrations or through custom development.

Building a successful peer-to-marketplace business doesn’t have to be a months-long, expensive project.

Instead, treat it as a process of learning and iteration.

Great businesses take time to build. In a nutshell, there are five four steps to getting your marketplace up and running:

1. Find and validate a great peer-to-peer marketplace idea
2. Find the right business model
3. Build your Minimum Viable Platform
4. Launch and grow your marketplace

We’ll cover them briefly here, but for a more detailed breakdown of each step, check out our complete guide to how to create a marketplace.

All great businesses start with a great idea.

But at first, it can be difficult to tell whether your idea is a good one or not. You might think it’s great, and the potential users you interview might also think so. Who wouldn't want to see more peer-to-peer rentals and second-hand purchases in the world?

But what really matters is whether people will like it enough to pay to use it. 

At their core, successful businesses solve problems for their customers. Often, founders start companies in response to their own problems. The idea for Airbnb came when the founders were having trouble making rent.

Marketplaces have to offer a solution to the problems of both prospective customers and prospective sellers. 

For example, for a peer-to-peer rental business, you need to identify an asset that:

• many people own
• is underused or idle much of the time
• could be rented instead of bought.

A great example is expensive items to buy and/or maintain. People who already own them are likely willing to cover some of the costs by renting rather than letting the asset sit idle. And customers may want to rent the asset when they need it, rather than make an expensive investment to own it.

Once your idea passes this test, validate it with potential users. Talk to them and challenge your assumptions. But ultimately, you won’t truly know if you're solving a real problem until you launch your marketplace business.

Our advice is to launch fast, and launch cheap.

The most valuable insights come from live users who are paying to use your service. 

As an inspiring example of this approach, check out the story of Raphaëlle de Monteynard, founder of Swimmy. She had the idea for a peer-to-peer rental marketplace that lets people share private swimming pools. To get started, she did extensive research on the market. Soon, she realized the best thing she can do is to launch her business quickly for the summer season and give it a try.

“Everything doesn’t have to be perfect when you start a business. The most important thing is to learn if your idea will work, and you don’t need a lot for that,” she says. 

Today, Swimmy has over 45,000 users.

Failing to validate a business idea is one of the most common mistakes founders make. It’s all too easy to get excited and throw yourself into building a platform. But before you do that, make sure people are actually interested in using your platform. If your idea fails, it’ll fail fast. You’ll have time to pivot to a new idea, and you won’t have wasted months and thousands of dollars developing a complex website that nobody wants to use. But if you see signs of initial traction, it’s go-time. 

As you’re building your marketplace, it’s important to think through your business model. At first, it might make sense to keep costs low to attract more users, but ultimately, the revenue model must finance the operations of the business. 

The majority of peer-to-peer marketplaces use commission-based models.

With this model, the business takes a commission on every transaction made on the platform; either as a percentage cut or as a fixed fee. A big benefit of the model is it works regardless of marketplace type, whether your idea is about services, products, or peer-to-peer rental. The most successful marketplaces—Airbnb, Etsy, Uber—all built their businesses on a commission structure. 

Check out this guide for information on other marketplace business models.

Benefits of commission-based models

Commission-based models are popular for a reason: they make it easy to recruit providers, and they’re very powerful as the business scales.

Providers aren't charged until they get value from the marketplace. This makes it easy to bring providers on board; it doesn’t cost them anything to get started, and they only pay if they successfully make a sale.

The commission model scales well. The marketplace receives a commission on every transaction, so as the business grows, so does revenue. 

Drawbacks of commission-based models

While the commission-based model is a good fit for many, there are some drawbacks to note.

One issue is platform leakage. If your website doesn’t provide value in line with your commission structure, users will take business off your platform, meaning you miss out on the commission. There are strategies to mitigate this, but generally, you want your value proposition to be so strong that your users see no reason to leave your marketplace. 

Another challenge is building a payment structure that can apply a commission structure to all transactions that take place. And does so in a way that complies with global online payment regulations. This is difficult to build on your own, so marketplace software with pre-built payment integrations is a big help.

A Minimum Viable Product, or MVP, is the earliest iteration of your platform that you share with customers. While launching quickly, don’t rush – it’s important to offer even your earliest users a great experience. 

Before you launch an MVP, your marketplace should be functional. Users should be able to accomplish the basic goal of what your marketplace promises to do. The essential features outlined in the previous chapter form a solid foundation for your MVP.

There are a lot of different approaches to marketplace development, but at this stage, focus on an approach that helps you build as fast as possible. Invest most of your time and initial budget on growing your audience, building your brand, and learning about your users. 

Build your MVP with Sharetribe

If you’re looking to launch your MVP quickly, Sharetribe could be a great option for you. You can set your peer-to-peer rental, product, or service marketplace up in minutes, and all the essential features you need to get your business up and running come included. 

You don’t need to code anything, and technical details like hosting, maintenance, and updates are taken care of for you. You can use Sharetribe to launch your marketplace in less than a day and start learning from early users.

Once your MVP is ready, it’s time to launch.

While it’s tempting to jump in at the deep end, your launch should be a thoughtful process. Marketplaces are challenging businesses to build. You need to develop both supply and demand – no easy feat.

Begin by recruiting an initial group of providers to seed your marketplace with. Finding the right vendors can be challenging, and how you recruit them depends on the business you’re in. To start, contact providers on other marketplaces, search on Google, and reach out to forums and Facebook Groups. 

At this stage, it’s fine to do things that don’t scale – the first hundred or so providers are the lifeblood of your platform. Make sure your new providers are comfortable using your platform, understand the benefits you offer, and see the potential in the marketplace.  

As you approach your launch date, consider doing a product launch before your big marketing launch. This lets you onboard a small initial group of users on the platform to iron out any bugs before your big launch. 

Post-launch, establish the key marketplace metrics for your platform, and track them over time. As the saying goes, what gets measured gets managed. You should intentionally track metrics that offer a true insight into the traction of your marketplace.

As you scale, conduct growth experiments to determine the optimal ways to build your business. Peer-to-peer marketplaces can grow slowly; it took Airbnb four years to see real traction. It’s critical to experiment with different growth channels and perfect your strategy for each. 

Take your peer-to-peer marketplace to the next level with Sharetribe

Once your marketplace grows, you have more resources to develop it further. You’ve also learned a lot about your audience and know what kinds of custom features and additional tools bring the biggest boost to user experience – and the biggest ROI for you. 

Sharetribe allows you to launch completely no-code but also extend your design and feature set infinitely with code without changing platforms or migrating data. Our headless marketplace approach is ideal for entrepreneurs who want to take their businesses to the next level. Sharetribe offers all essential features and management tools off the shelf and gives marketplace owners the ability to custom-develop a unique user interface on web or mobile on top of the Sharetribe-powered backend. If you don't have a developer on your team, Sharetribe's Expert Network is here to help you find the right developer to build your platform. Check out our best tips on finding a marketplace developer.

You can build custom features and add integrations to third-party tools like marketing and email software. And yet, you won’t have to invest in building the marketplace essentials, and updates, maintenance, and security compliance are handled for you as well.

We're proud to power over 1,000 marketplaces around the world. Here are a few inspiring examples of peer-to-peer businesses – you can find more Sharetribe examples and inspiration in our customer gallery and founder stories.

Rental platforms allow people to rent out tangible physical resources that belong to others. Some of our favorites include:

Product marketplaces let people buy products from independent sellers. Popular platforms include:

Services between consumers foster connection and allow peers to learn from one another.

It’s never been easier to build a peer-to-peer marketplace business than it is today. There’s so much upside to the two-sided marketplace model, with unlimited potential for creativity and growth. 

By taking time to validate your idea, find the right business model, and build a platform packed with powerful features, you’ll be well on your way to success. Keep an open mind — stay committed to learning and iterating, and always listen to your users.

Our complete guide to creating an online marketplace has resources and inspiration for every step of the way.

We’ve worked with peer-to-peer marketplaces for over a decade, and there are more than 1,000 marketplaces built on Sharetribe infrastructure doing great things all around the world. If you're interested in hearing more, our expert support team will be happy to help. Reach out to us at hello@sharetribe.com or visit our Help Center.

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